RULES OF CHANGING DIRECT SPEECH TO INDIRECT SPEECH

RULE	SOURCES	EXAMPLE (direct speech -> indirect speech)
Changes in tenses -simple present -> simple past -present continuous  -> past continuous -present perfect -> past perfect -present perfect continuous -> past perfect continuous -simple past -> past perfect -past continuous -> past perfect continuous	1) UPSC PORTAL http://upscportal.com 2)www.studyandexam.com	1) Hae said, “I am hungry.” changed to Hae said that he was hungry. 2) Hae said, “I am going to restaurant.” changed to Hae said that he was going to restaurant.
Changes in determiner/pronoun	1) www.perfect-english-grammar.com 2) Madan Sood, Most Common Errors in English	1) Leeteuk said, “my uncle will buy me a house.” change to Leeteuk said that his uncle would buy him a house. 2) Leeteuk said, “you are uglier than my duck.” changed to Leeteuk said that she was uglier than his duck.
Changes in punctuation mark	1) Madan Sood, Most Common Errors in English 2) www.perfect-english-grammar.com	1) Siwon said, “I am so tired today.” changed to Siwon said that he was so tired that day. 2) Siwon said, “I will sleep until tomorrow.” changed to Siwon said that he would sleep until the following day.
Changes in time expression	1) UPSC PORTAL http://upscportal.com 2) www.perfect-english-grammar.com	1) “Super Junior is performing tonight,” announced Amani. changed to Amani announced that Super Junior was performing that night. 2) Sarah said, “Super Junior will organize a concert at Malaysia next week.” changed to Sarah said that Super Junior would organize a concert at Malaysia the following week.
Changes to place/direction	1) WebLearnEng www.weblearnenglish.com 2) ) UPSC PORTAL http://upscportal.com	1) Semmock said, “I want to get out from here.” changed to Semmock said he wanted to get out from there. 2) Semmock said, “This Pearl Milk Tea is so delicious.” changed to Semmock said that Pearl Milk Tea was so delicious.
Changes in reporting verb, however, the tense of the verb remains same.	1) www.perfect-english-grammar.com 2) Anne Seaton, Focus on Grammar	1)Kyuhyun says, “close the door.” changed to Kyuhyun orders me to close the door. 2) Kyuhyun said, “do not lock the door tonight.” changed to Kyuhyun reminded me not to lock the door that night.
Interrogative sentence become assertive sentences	1) www.studyandexam.com 2) Madan Sood, Most Common Errors in English	1) Sungmin said, “sing beautifully.” changed to Sungmin told me to sing beautifully. 2) “Try it again,” said Sungmin. changed to Sungmin urged me to try it again.
Changes in modal auxiliary verb -Will     -> Would -Shall   -> Should -Can     -> Could -May     -> Might -Must   -> Had to	1) www.studyandexam.com 2) Anne Seaton, Focus on Grammar	1) Heechul said, “I will drop by at your house this evening.” changed to Heechul said that he would drop by at my house that evening. 2) Heechul said, “I may bring you Pearl Milk Tea.” changed to Heechul said that he might bring me Pearl Milk Tea.
For the sentence which verb is in past perfect or past perfect continuous, there is no change for the verb used.	1) Madan Sood, Most Common Errors in English 2) WebLearnEng www.weblearnenglish.com	1) Ryeowook said, “I had made a Pearl Milk Tea last night.” changed to Ryeowook said that he had made a Pearl Milk Tea the previous night. 2) Ryeowook said, “I had been drinking it for two hours.” changed to Ryeowook said that he had been drinking it for two hours.
The word ‘that’ is used as a conjunction between the reporting verb and reported speech, usually applies for declarative and exclamatory sentences.	1) Anne Seaton, Focus on Grammar 2) WebLearnEng www.weblearnenglish.com	1)Shindong exclaimed, “these breads are mine!” changed to Shindong exclaimed that those breads were his. 2) Shindong said, “I am going to buy ice-cream.” changed to Shindong said that he was going to buy ice-cream.        Reporting verb        Reported speech
If the information is still true or universal truth, the verb does not change.	1) Madan Sood, Most Common Errors in English 2) www.perfect-english-grammar.com	1) Yesung said, “The earth is round.” changed to Yesung told me that the earth is round. 2) “I want to travel around the world,” said Yesung. changed to Yesung said that he wants to travel around the world.
To-infinitive must come before object and after verb if it expresses imperative sentence.	1) UPSC PORTAL http://upscportal.com 2) Anne Seaton, Focus on Grammar	1) “Please, have a dinner with me,” said Donghae. changed to Donghae invited me to have a dinner with me. 2) “Do wear a black dress,” said Donghae. changed to Donghae requested me to wear a black dress.         Object         Verb
Negative imperative sentence is expressed by : reporting verb + object+ not+ to-infinitive + verb	1) www.perfect-english-grammar.com 2) Madan Sood, Most Common Errors in English	1) “Do not go out with Siwon,” said Leeteuk. changed to Leeteuk warned me not to go with Siwon. 2) “Please, do not fall in love with Siwon,” said Leeteuk. changed to Leeteuk persuaded me not to fall in love with Siwon.
For interrogative sentence that use WH-Question which is not the subject of the sentence, the subject comes first, followed by the verb.	1) www.perfect-english-grammar.com 2) Anne Seaton, Focus on Grammar	1) “Where would you like to eat?” asked Kyuhyun. changed to Kyuhyun asked me where I would like to eat. 2) “Which restaurants do you prefer,dear?” Kyuhyun enquired. changed to Kyuhyun enquired me which restaurants I prefered.
For interrogative sentence which can be answered by ‘yes or no’, ‘if or whether’ is used as a conjuction.	1) www.perfect-english-grammar.com 2) Madan Sood, Most Common Errors in English	“Am I late?” asked Sungmin. changed to Sungmin asked if he was late. “Are you angry?” Sungmin enquired. changed to Sungmin asked whether I was angry.